PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.
